Calvin cycle
The Calvin Cycle is the second step in photosynthesis. There are three parts to the Calvin Cycle. Carbon Fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration of RuBP.
Carbon fixation is the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds. In carbon fixation G3P is produced in the Calvin cycle in C3, C4, and CAM plants. Carbon fixation helps each plant adapt to the particular environment they live in. C4 plants are those such as sugarcane or grasses. CAM plants are the cactus plants or plants that live in the desert. It also helps with the production of ATP.
Reduction uses ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to reduce the glycerate-3-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
In regeneration one G3P is exported while the remaining five G3P molecules remain in the cycle and are used to regenerate RuBP, which enables the system to prepare for more CO2 to be fixed. Three more molecules of ATP are used in these regeneration reactions.